What are biosensors?
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/biosensors.html
This site provides an excellent overview of technical issues and business opportunities with respect to enzyme-based sensors.
Enzyme biosensor review
http://www.rsc.org/ej/EM/2003/b314067a.pdf
This web review article provides a good primer on the use of microbial enzymes for monitoring chemicals in the environment.
Microbial enzyme biosensors
http://www.engr.ucr.edu/~wilfred/microbial%20sensor%2006.pdf
This review focuses on the engineering aspects of using microbial enzymes for detection of analytes. Most examples deal with detecting environmental pollutants.
Biosensor: Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor
This webpage focuses largely on mechanisms of detection. However, there are also specific examples of sensors given with some links to further information.
Report on biosensor research and development
http://www.wtec.org/biosensing/
This webpage is designed to summarize trends in enzyme sensor development. There is a link to a conference proceedings with information on the specific topics presented.
Enzyme sensor for organophosphorus pesticides
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/3/6/119/
This page describes an enzyme-based chip for detecting organophosphorous pesticides. Organophosphurus pesticides are nerve toxins and so their presence in the environment is of concern.
Micro enzyme sensor for creatine
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a758155753~db=all
This page describes a micro enzyme sensor that detects creatine using microbial creatine amidohydrolase and sarcosine oxidase.
Penicillin sensor
http://www.fz-juelich.de/ibn/sensorik/bcs-pen-e.html
This webpage describes a sensor for penicillin based on the microbial enzyme penicillinase. The site contains excellent diagrams to illustrate precisely how the sensor works.
Enzyme electrode
http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/marco/enzyme_electrode/Chapter1/introduction.htm
This web page provides an excellent description of the linkage of enzymes with electrode surfaces for sensor applications.
Enzyme-based fiber optic biosensor
http://www.ostc.uiowa.edu/~arg/(1985)%20Enzyme-based%20fiber%20optic%20sensor.pdf
This web paper describes the use of an optical fiber linked to specific enzymes for sensing analytes.
International biosensor market
http://www.fuji-keizai.com/e/report/biosensor2004_e.html
This site provides useful information on the commercial side of enzyme biosensors. It is estimated to be a $10 billion market.
Development of enzyme-based sensor arrays
http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/ER/detail/hkul/2687797
This page provides a summary a link to a dissertation on sensor methods. There are specific examples provided for detecting sugars and components of wine.
Pyruvate sensors: Final design
http://www-bioeng.ucsd.edu/seniordesign/Past_Designs/studentpages/2006/Project8/pyruvatesensors-finaldesign.html
This page details a specific sensor for pyruvate using the microbial enzyme pyruvate oxidase.
Bacterial biosensors for arsenic
http://www.eawag.ch/publications/eawagnews/www_en56/en56e_screen/en56e_vdm_arsenic_s.pdf
This page describes a bacterial sensor for detecting arsenic. Arsenic in water is a major environmental problem in some locations and methods described here provide a type of dip-stick test for arsenic.
Biosensors for analytical modeling
http://www.epa.gov/heasd/edrb/biochem/intro.htm
This page provides an excellent overview of different enzyme and other bio-based sensors. It also discussed specific types of analytes that need to be detected.
Guide to biological kits
http://www.biokits.com/
This page allows searching for many different types of biological kits including enzyme-sensor test kits.
Sensor and control engineering
http://bae.engineering.ucdavis.edu/pages/Research/sensor.html
This page provides a nice historical view of the development of biosensor technology.
Biosensors laboratory
http://www.eas.asu.edu/~icbct/sensors.html
Glucose sensors are particularly important medically for monitoring symptoms of diabetes. This page describes a glucose sensor.